Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Selective breeding produces a. | more offspring. | c. | desired traits in offspring. | b. | fewer
offspring. | d. | transgenic
organisms. | | | | |
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2.
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What
is the ultimate source of genetic variability? a. | inbreeding | c. | hybridization | b. | plasmids | d. | mutations | | | | |
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3.
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What
does Figure 13-1 show?
Figure 13–1
a. | gel
electrophoresis | b. | DNA sequencing | c. | a restriction
enzyme cutting different sequences of DNA | d. | polymerase chain reaction | | |
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4.
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Which
of the following are NOT used to read DNA sequences? a. | nucleotides | c. | fluorescent
dyes | b. | gels | d. | double-stranded
DNA molecules | | | | |
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5.
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A
recombinant plasmid gets inside a bacterial cell by a. | hybridization. | c. | transformation. | b. | radiation. | d. | recombination. | | | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following is often used as a genetic marker in plasmids? a. | a restriction
enzyme | b. | a gene for antibiotic resistance | c. | a DNA sequence
that promotes replication | d. | a nucleotide labeled with a fluorescent
dye | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following is a clone? a. | the adult female sheep whose DNA was used to produce
Dolly | b. | a transgenic mouse | c. | genetically
identical bacteria produced from a single cell | d. | the tobacco
plant with the luciferase gene | | |
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8.
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What
kind of cell or cells were used to make Dolly? a. | body cell only | c. | egg cell and sperm cell | b. | egg cell
only | d. | body cell and
egg cell | | | | |
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9.
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Luther Burbank developed over 800 varieties of plants by a. | genetic
engineering. | c. | selective
breeding. | b. | transformation. | d. | DNA sequencing. | | | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following have been produced by selective breeding? a. | horse
breeds | c. | dog
breeds | b. | cat breeds | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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11.
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Which
of the following is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic
defect? a. | inbreeding | c. | genetic
engineering | b. | hybridization | d. | transformation | | | | |
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12.
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Scientists produced oil-eating bacteria by a. | making bacteria
polyploid. | b. | inbreeding bacteria. | c. | inducing
mutations in bacteria. | d. | hybridizing bacteria. | | |
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13.
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One
function of gel electrophoresis is to a. | separate DNA fragments. | c. | recombine DNA. | b. | cut
DNA. | d. | make many copies
of DNA. | | | | |
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14.
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The
process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms is called a. | selective
breeding. | c. | inbreeding. | b. | genetic engineering. | d. | hybridization. | | | | |
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15.
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A DNA
molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as a. | a
mutant. | c. | a
polyploid. | b. | a hybrid. | d. | recombinant DNA. | | | | |
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16.
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Scientists can transform plant cells by a. | using the
bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. | b. | removing the plant cell walls and then mixing the cells with
DNA. | c. | injecting DNA
into the plant cells. | d. | all of the above | | |
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17.
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A
gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid containing foreign DNA from
those that do not is called a(an) a. | resistance gene. | c. | genetic marker. | b. | antibiotic. | d. | clone. | | | | |
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18.
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The
transformation of a plant cell is successful if a. | the plasmid that entered the cell reproduces inside the
cell. | b. | the foreign DNA is integrated into one of the cell’s
chromosomes. | c. | the cell reproduces. | d. | a plasmid has
entered the cell. | | |
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19.
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Which
of the following techniques do scientists use to make transgenic organisms? a. | hybridization | c. | inducing
mutations | b. | inbreeding | d. | genetic engineering | | | | |
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20.
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The
Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut cloned a a. | bacterium. | c. | plant. | b. | sheep. | d. | cow. | | | | |
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Essay
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21.
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In
what ways has selective breeding been useful to humans today and in the past?
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22.
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Explain the advantage and disadvantage of inbreeding. Give an example of
each.
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23.
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Contrast the techniques used in genetic engineering and in selective breeding to
produce organisms with desired traits.
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24.
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Explain how a plant cell might contain a recombinant plasmid but not be successfully
transformed.
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25.
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In
what general ways are transgenic organisms useful to people today?
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